5494
PROPOSED STANDARD
IANA Allocation Guidelines for the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Authors: J. Arkko, C. Pignataro
Date: April 2009
Working Group: NON WORKING GROUP
Stream: IETF
Updates:
RFC 826
Abstract
This document specifies the IANA guidelines for allocating new values in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). This document also reserves some numbers for experimentation purposes. The changes also affect other protocols that employ values from the ARP name spaces. [STANDARDS-TRACK]
RFC 5494
PROPOSED STANDARD
Network Working Group J. Arkko
Request for Comments: 5494 Ericsson
Updates: <a href="./rfc826">826</a>, <a href="./rfc951">951</a>, <a href="./rfc1044">1044</a>, <a href="./rfc1329">1329</a>, <a href="./rfc2131">2131</a>, C. Pignataro
<a href="./rfc2132">2132</a>, <a href="./rfc2176">2176</a>, <a href="./rfc2225">2225</a>, <a href="./rfc2834">2834</a>, <a href="./rfc2835">2835</a>, Cisco Systems
3315, 4338, 4361, 4701 April 2009
Category: Standards Track
<span class="h1">IANA Allocation Guidelines for the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)</span>
Status of This Memo
This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the
Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for
improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet
Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state
and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2009 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp78">BCP 78</a> and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents in effect on the date of
publication of this document (<a href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>).
Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights
and restrictions with respect to this document.
Abstract
This document specifies the IANA guidelines for allocating new values
in the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). This document also
reserves some numbers for experimentation purposes. The changes also
affect other protocols that employ values from the ARP name spaces.
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>
This document specifies the IANA guidelines [<a href="./rfc5226" title="">RFC5226</a>] for allocating
new values for various fields in the Address Resolution Protocol
(ARP) [<a href="./rfc0826" title=""Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or converting network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet address for transmission on Ethernet hardware"">RFC0826</a>]. The change is also applicable to extensions of ARP
that use the same message format, such as [<a href="./rfc0903" title=""Reverse Address Resolution Protocol"">RFC0903</a>], [<a href="./rfc1931" title=""Dynamic RARP Extensions for Automatic Network Address Acquisition"">RFC1931</a>], and
[<a href="./rfc2390" title=""Inverse Address Resolution Protocol"">RFC2390</a>].
The change also affects other protocols that employ values from the
ARP name spaces. For instance, the ARP hardware address type
(ar$hrd) number space is also used in the "htype" (hardware address
type) fields in the Bootstrap Protocol (BOOTP) [<a href="./rfc0951" title=""Bootstrap Protocol"">RFC0951</a>] and Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) [<a href="./rfc2131" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol"">RFC2131</a>], as well as in the
"hardware type" field in the DHCP Unique Identifiers in DHCPv6
[<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>]. These protocols are therefore affected by the update in
the IANA rules. Other affected specifications include the
specialized address resolution mechanisms in:
o HYPERchannel [<a href="./rfc1044" title=""Internet Protocol on Network System's HYPERchannel: Protocol specification"">RFC1044</a>]
o DHCP options [<a href="./rfc2132" title=""DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor Extensions"">RFC2132</a>] [<a href="./rfc4361" title=""Node-specific Client Identifiers for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Version Four (DHCPv4)"">RFC4361</a>]
o ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) ARP [<a href="./rfc2225" title=""Classical IP and ARP over ATM"">RFC2225</a>]
o HARP (High-Performance Parallel Interface ARP) [<a href="./rfc2834" title=""ARP and IP Broadcast over HIPPI-800"">RFC2834</a>] [<a href="./rfc2835" title=""IP and ARP over HIPPI-6400 (GSN)"">RFC2835</a>]
o Dual MAC (Media Access Control) FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data
Interface) ARP [<a href="./rfc1329" title=""Thoughts on Address Resolution for Dual MAC FDDI Networks"">RFC1329</a>]
o MAPOS (Multiple Access Protocol over Synchronous Optical Network/
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) ARP [<a href="./rfc2176" title=""IPv4 over MAPOS Version 1"">RFC2176</a>]
o FC (Fibre Channel) ARP [<a href="./rfc4338" title=""Transmission of IPv6, IPv4, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Packets over Fibre Channel"">RFC4338</a>]
o DNS DHCID Resource Record [<a href="./rfc4701" title=""A DNS Resource Record (RR) for Encoding Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Information (DHCID RR)"">RFC4701</a>]
The IANA guidelines are given in <a href="#section-2">Section 2</a>. Previously, no IANA
guidance existed for such allocations. The purpose of this document
is to allow IANA to manage number assignments based on these
guidelines in a consistent manner.
This document also reserves some numbers for experimentation
purposes. These numbers are given in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>.
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. IANA Considerations</span>
The following rules apply to the fields of ARP:
ar$hrd (16 bits) Hardware address space
Requests for ar$hrd values below 256 or for a batch of more than
one new value are made through Expert Review [<a href="./rfc5226" title="">RFC5226</a>].
Note that certain protocols, such as BOOTP and DHCPv4, employ
these values within an 8-bit field. The expert should determine
that a need to allocate the new values exists and that the
existing values are insufficient to represent the new hardware
address types. The expert should also determine the applicability
of the request and assign values higher than 255 for requests that
do not apply to BOOTP/DHCPv4. Similarly, the expert should assign
1-octet values for requests that apply to BOOTP/DHCPv4, as for
example the "IPsec tunnel" with value 31 [<a href="./rfc3456" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4) Configuration of IPsec Tunnel Mode"">RFC3456</a>]. Conversely,
ARP-only uses, without a foreseeable reason to use the same value
in BOOTP/DHCPv4, should favor 2-octet values.
Requests for individual new ar$hrd values that do not specify a
value, or where the requested value is greater than 255, are made
through First Come First Served [<a href="./rfc5226" title="">RFC5226</a>]. The assignment will
always result in a 2-octet value.
ar$pro (16 bits) Protocol address space
These numbers share the Ethertype space. The Ethertype space is
administered as described in [<a href="./rfc5342" title=""IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters"">RFC5342</a>].
ar$op (16 bits) Opcode
Requests for new ar$op values are made through IETF Review or IESG
Approval [<a href="./rfc5226" title="">RFC5226</a>].
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. Allocations Defined in This Document</span>
When testing new protocol extension ideas, it is often necessary to
use an actual constant in order to use the new function, even when
testing in a closed environment. This document reserves the
following numbers for experimentation purposes in ARP:
o Two new ar$hrd values are allocated for experimental purposes:
HW_EXP1 (36) and HW_EXP2 (256). Note that these two new values
were purposely chosen so that one would be below 256 and the other
would be above 255, and so that there would be different values in
the least and most significant octets.
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o Two new values for the ar$op are allocated for experimental
purposes: OP_EXP1 (24) and OP_EXP2 (25).
Note that <a href="./rfc5342#appendix-B.2">Appendix B.2 of [RFC5342]</a> lists two Ethertypes that can be
used for experimental purposes.
In addition, for both ar$hrd and ar$op, the values 0 and 65535 are
marked as reserved. This means that they are not available for
allocation.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. Security Considerations</span>
This specification does not change the security properties of the
affected protocols.
However, a few words are necessary about the use of the experimental
code points defined in <a href="#section-3">Section 3</a>. Potentially harmful side effects
from the use of the experimental values need to be carefully
evaluated before deploying any experiment across networks that the
owner of the experiment does not entirely control. Guidance given in
[<a href="./rfc3692" title=""Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers Considered Useful"">RFC3692</a>] about the use of experimental values needs to be followed.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. Acknowledgments</span>
The lack of any current rules has come up as new values were
requested from IANA, who contacted the IESG for advice. The author
would like to thank Michelle Cotton in particular for bringing up
this issue. The author would also like to thank Brian Carpenter,
Thomas Narten, Scott Bradner, Donald Eastlake, Andrew G. Malis, Brian
Haberman, Robert Sparks, Larry Zhu, and Dave Thaler for feedback.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. References</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.1" href="#section-6.1">6.1</a>. Normative References</span>
[<a id="ref-RFC0826">RFC0826</a>] Plummer, D., "Ethernet Address Resolution Protocol: Or
converting network protocol addresses to 48.bit Ethernet
address for transmission on Ethernet hardware", STD 37,
<a href="./rfc826">RFC 826</a>, November 1982.
[<a id="ref-RFC0951">RFC0951</a>] Croft, B. and J. Gilmore, "Bootstrap Protocol", <a href="./rfc951">RFC 951</a>,
September 1985.
[<a id="ref-RFC1044">RFC1044</a>] Hardwick, K. and J. Lekashman, "Internet Protocol on
Network System's HYPERchannel: Protocol specification",
STD 45, <a href="./rfc1044">RFC 1044</a>, February 1988.
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[<a id="ref-RFC1329">RFC1329</a>] Kuehn, P., "Thoughts on Address Resolution for Dual MAC
FDDI Networks", <a href="./rfc1329">RFC 1329</a>, May 1992.
[<a id="ref-RFC2131">RFC2131</a>] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol",
<a href="./rfc2131">RFC 2131</a>, March 1997.
[<a id="ref-RFC2132">RFC2132</a>] Alexander, S. and R. Droms, "DHCP Options and BOOTP Vendor
Extensions", <a href="./rfc2132">RFC 2132</a>, March 1997.
[<a id="ref-RFC2176">RFC2176</a>] Murakami, K. and M. Maruyama, "IPv4 over MAPOS Version 1",
<a href="./rfc2176">RFC 2176</a>, June 1997.
[<a id="ref-RFC2225">RFC2225</a>] Laubach, M. and J. Halpern, "Classical IP and ARP over
ATM", <a href="./rfc2225">RFC 2225</a>, April 1998.
[<a id="ref-RFC2834">RFC2834</a>] Pittet, J., "ARP and IP Broadcast over HIPPI-800",
<a href="./rfc2834">RFC 2834</a>, May 2000.
[<a id="ref-RFC2835">RFC2835</a>] Pittet, J., "IP and ARP over HIPPI-6400 (GSN)", <a href="./rfc2835">RFC 2835</a>,
May 2000.
[<a id="ref-RFC3315">RFC3315</a>] Droms, R., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins, C.,
and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv6 (DHCPv6)", <a href="./rfc3315">RFC 3315</a>, July 2003.
[<a id="ref-RFC3692">RFC3692</a>] Narten, T., "Assigning Experimental and Testing Numbers
Considered Useful", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp82">BCP 82</a>, <a href="./rfc3692">RFC 3692</a>, January 2004.
[<a id="ref-RFC4338">RFC4338</a>] DeSanti, C., Carlson, C., and R. Nixon, "Transmission of
IPv6, IPv4, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) Packets
over Fibre Channel", <a href="./rfc4338">RFC 4338</a>, January 2006.
[<a id="ref-RFC4361">RFC4361</a>] Lemon, T. and B. Sommerfeld, "Node-specific Client
Identifiers for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
Version Four (DHCPv4)", <a href="./rfc4361">RFC 4361</a>, February 2006.
[<a id="ref-RFC4701">RFC4701</a>] Stapp, M., Lemon, T., and A. Gustafsson, "A DNS Resource
Record (RR) for Encoding Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) Information (DHCID RR)", <a href="./rfc4701">RFC 4701</a>,
October 2006.
[<a id="ref-RFC5226">RFC5226</a>] Narten, T. and H. Alvestrand, "Guidelines for Writing an
IANA Considerations Section in RFCs", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp26">BCP 26</a>, <a href="./rfc5226">RFC 5226</a>,
May 2008.
[<a id="ref-RFC5342">RFC5342</a>] Eastlake. , D., "IANA Considerations and IETF Protocol
Usage for IEEE 802 Parameters", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp141">BCP 141</a>, <a href="./rfc5342">RFC 5342</a>,
September 2008.
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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-6.2" href="#section-6.2">6.2</a>. Informative References</span>
[<a id="ref-RFC0903">RFC0903</a>] Finlayson, R., Mann, T., Mogul, J., and M. Theimer,
"Reverse Address Resolution Protocol", STD 38, <a href="./rfc903">RFC 903</a>,
June 1984.
[<a id="ref-RFC1931">RFC1931</a>] Brownell, D., "Dynamic RARP Extensions for Automatic
Network Address Acquisition", <a href="./rfc1931">RFC 1931</a>, April 1996.
[<a id="ref-RFC2390">RFC2390</a>] Bradley, T., Brown, C., and A. Malis, "Inverse Address
Resolution Protocol", <a href="./rfc2390">RFC 2390</a>, September 1998.
[<a id="ref-RFC3456">RFC3456</a>] Patel, B., Aboba, B., Kelly, S., and V. Gupta, "Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCPv4) Configuration of
IPsec Tunnel Mode", <a href="./rfc3456">RFC 3456</a>, January 2003.
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="appendix-A" href="#appendix-A">Appendix A</a>. Changes from the Original RFCs</span>
This document specifies only the IANA rules associated with various
fields in ARP. The specification of these rules also affects the
allocation of corresponding fields in protocols listed in <a href="#section-1">Section 1</a>
that share the registry. This document does not make any changes in
the operation of these protocols themselves.
Authors' Addresses
Jari Arkko
Ericsson
Jorvas 02420
Finland
EMail: [email protected]
Carlos Pignataro
Cisco Systems
7200-12 Kit Creek Road
Research Triangle Park, NC 27709
USA
EMail: [email protected]
Arkko & Pignataro Standards Track [Page 7]
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