7839
PROPOSED STANDARD
Access-Network-Identifier Option in DHCP
Authors: S. Bhandari, S. Gundavelli, M. Grayson, B. Volz, J. Korhonen
Date: June 2016
Area: int
Working Group: dhc
Stream: IETF
Abstract
This document specifies the format and mechanism that is to be used for encoding Access-Network Identifiers in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 messages by defining new Access-Network-Identifier options and sub-options.
RFC 7839
PROPOSED STANDARD
Errata Exist
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) S. Bhandari
Request for Comments: 7839 S. Gundavelli
Category: Standards Track M. Grayson
ISSN: 2070-1721 B. Volz
Cisco Systems
J. Korhonen
Broadcom Limited
June 2016
<span class="h1">Access-Network-Identifier Option in DHCP</span>
Abstract
This document specifies the format and mechanism that is to be used
for encoding Access-Network Identifiers in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 messages
by defining new Access-Network-Identifier options and sub-options.
Status of This Memo
This is an Internet Standards Track document.
This document is a product of the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). It represents the consensus of the IETF community. It has
received public review and has been approved for publication by the
Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG). Further information on
Internet Standards is available in <a href="./rfc7841#section-2">Section 2 of RFC 7841</a>.
Information about the current status of this document, any errata,
and how to provide feedback on it may be obtained at
<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7839">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7839</a>.
Copyright Notice
Copyright (c) 2016 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
document authors. All rights reserved.
This document is subject to <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp78">BCP 78</a> and the IETF Trust's Legal
Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
(<a href="http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info">http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info</a>) in effect on the date of
publication of this document. Please review these documents
carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must
include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
described in the Simplified BSD License.
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Table of Contents
<a href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-3">3</a>
<a href="#section-2">2</a>. Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-3">3</a>
<a href="#section-3">3</a>. Terminology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-4">4</a>
<a href="#section-4">4</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Network-Identifier Option . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Network-Identifier Sub-options . . . . . . <a href="#page-5">5</a>
<a href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Technology-Type Sub-option . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-6">6</a>
<a href="#section-4.3">4.3</a>. DHCPv4 Network-Identifier Sub-options . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-7">7</a>
<a href="#section-4.3.1">4.3.1</a>. DHCPv4 Network-Name Sub-option . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-7">7</a>
<a href="#section-4.3.2">4.3.2</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Point-Name Sub-option . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-8">8</a>
<a href="#section-4.3.3">4.3.3</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Point-BSSID Sub-option . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-9">9</a>
<a href="#section-4.4">4.4</a>. DHCPv4 Operator-Identifier Sub-options . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-9">9</a>
<a href="#section-4.4.1">4.4.1</a>. DHCPv4 Operator-Identifier Sub-option . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-9">9</a>
<a href="#section-4.4.2">4.4.2</a>. DHCPv4 Operator-Realm Sub-option . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-10">10</a>
<a href="#section-5">5</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Network-Identifier Options . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-10">10</a>
<a href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Technology-Type Option . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-11">11</a>
<a href="#section-5.2">5.2</a>. DHCPv6 Network-Identifier Options . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-11">11</a>
<a href="#section-5.2.1">5.2.1</a>. DHCPv6 Network-Name Option . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-12">12</a>
<a href="#section-5.2.2">5.2.2</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Point-Name Option . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-12">12</a>
<a href="#section-5.2.3">5.2.3</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Point-BSSID Option . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-13">13</a>
<a href="#section-5.3">5.3</a>. DHCPv6 Operator-Identifier Options . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-13">13</a>
<a href="#section-5.3.1">5.3.1</a>. DHCPv6 Operator-Identifier Option . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-13">13</a>
<a href="#section-5.3.2">5.3.2</a>. DHCPv6 Operator-Realm Option . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-14">14</a>
<a href="#section-6">6</a>. Relay Agent Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-14">14</a>
<a href="#section-7">7</a>. Server Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-15">15</a>
<a href="#section-8">8</a>. IANA Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-16">16</a>
<a href="#section-9">9</a>. Security Considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-17">17</a>
<a href="#section-10">10</a>. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-18">18</a>
<a href="#section-10.1">10.1</a>. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-18">18</a>
<a href="#section-10.2">10.2</a>. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-18">18</a>
Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-19">19</a>
Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <a href="#page-20">20</a>
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-1" href="#section-1">1</a>. Introduction</span>
Access-network identification of a network device has a range of
applications. For example, the Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) in a
Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) domain is able to provide service
treatment for the mobile node's traffic based on the access network
to which the mobile node is attached.
This document specifies the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for
IPv4 (DHCPv4) [<a href="./rfc2131" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol"">RFC2131</a>] and the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
for IPv6 (DHCPv6) [<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>] options for access-network identification
that is added by the relay agent in the DHCPv4 or DHCPv6 messages
sent towards the server. The scope of applicability for this option
is between a DHCP relay agent and a mobile access gateway where the
same operator typically operates both these functions
A DHCP relay agent that is aware of the access network and access
operator adds this information in the DHCP messages. This
information can be used to provide differentiated services and
policing of traffic based on the access network to which a client is
attached. Examples of how this information can be used in mobile
networks can be found in [<a href="./rfc6757" title=""Access Network Identifier (ANI) Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC6757</a>].
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-2" href="#section-2">2</a>. Motivation</span>
PMIPv6 [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] can be used for supporting network-based mobility
management in various types of network deployments. The network
architectures, such as service provider Wi-Fi access aggregation or
WLAN integrated mobile packet core, are examples where PMIPv6 is a
component of the overall architecture. Some of these architectures
require the ability of the LMA [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] to provide differentiated
services and policing of traffic to the mobile nodes based on the
access network to which they are attached. Policy systems in
mobility architectures, such as Policy and Charging Control (PCC)
[<a href="#ref-TS23203" title=""Policy and charging control architecture"">TS23203</a>] and Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF)
[<a href="#ref-TS23402" title=""Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses"">TS23402</a>] in the 3GPP system, allow configuration of policy rules
with conditions based on the access-network information. For
example, the service treatment for the mobile node's traffic may be
different when they are attached to an access network owned by the
home operator than when owned by a roaming partner. In the case of
access networks based on IEEE 802.11, the service treatment can also
be different based on the configured Service Set Identifiers (SSIDs).
Other examples of services include the operator's ability to apply
tariff based on the location.
The PMIPv6 extension as specified in [<a href="./rfc6757" title=""Access Network Identifier (ANI) Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC6757</a>] defines PMIPv6 options
to carry Access-Network Identifiers in PMIPv6 signaling from the
Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) to the LMA. The MAG can learn this
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information from the DHCP options as inserted by the DHCP relay agent
in the access network. If the MAG relays the DHCP messages to the
LMA as specified in [<a href="./rfc5844" title=""IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5844</a>], this information can be inserted by
the MAG towards the LMA in the forwarded DHCP messages.
Figure 1 illustrates an example of PMIPv6 deployment. In this
example, the access network is based on IEEE 802.11 technology, the
DHCP relay agent function is located on the Access Point (AP), and
the DHCP server function is located on the MAG. The MAG delivers the
information elements related to the access network to the LMA over
PMIPv6 signaling messages. The MAG obtains these information
elements from the DHCP relay agent as per this specification. The
information elements related to the access network include the SSID
of the used IEEE 802.11 network, the geo-location of the access
network to which the mobile node is attached, and the identity of the
operator running the IEEE 802.11 access-network infrastructure.
SSID: IETF-1
Operator-Identifier: provider1.example
+--+
|AP|-----------. {Access-Specific Policies)
+--+ | (DHCP Server) _-----_ |
(DHCP Relay) +-----+ _( )_ +-----+
| MAG |-=========( PMIPv6 )======-| LMA |-
+-----+ (_ Tunnel_) +-----+
+--+ | '-----'
|AP|-----------'
+--+
(DHCP Relay)
SSID: IETF-2
Operator-Identifier: provider2.example
Access Networks Attached to MAG
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-3" href="#section-3">3</a>. Terminology</span>
The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in [<a href="./rfc2119" title=""Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate Requirement Levels"">RFC2119</a>].
All the DHCP-related terms used in this document are to be
interpreted as defined in DHCPv4 [<a href="./rfc2131" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol"">RFC2131</a>] and DHCPv6 [<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>]
specifications. "DHCP message" refers to both DHCPv4 and DHCPv6
messages throughout this document.
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All the mobility-related terms used in this document are to be
interpreted as defined in the PMIPv6 specifications [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>] and
[<a href="./rfc5844" title=""IPv4 Support for Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5844</a>]. Additionally, this document uses the following
abbreviations:
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
The Service Set Identifier (SSID) identifies the name of the IEEE
802.11 network. The SSID differentiates from one network to the
other.
Operator-Identifier
The Operator-Identifier is the Structure of Management Information
(SMI) Network Management Private Enterprise Code of the IANA-
maintained "Private Enterprise Numbers" registry [<a href="#ref-SMI" title=""PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS, SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Codes"">SMI</a>]. It
identifies the operator running the access network where the
client is attached.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-4" href="#section-4">4</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Network-Identifier Option</span>
The Access-Network Identifier (ANI) carries information related to
the identity of the access network to which the client is attached.
This information includes access-technology type, network identifier,
and access network operator identifiers.
Relay agents that include ANI information include one or more sub-
options (see <a href="#section-4.1">Section 4.1</a>) in the Relay Agent Information option
[<a href="./rfc3046" title=""DHCP Relay Agent Information Option"">RFC3046</a>].
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.1" href="#section-4.1">4.1</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Network-Identifier Sub-options</span>
The Access-Network-Identifier information will be defined in multiple
sub-options allocated from the "DHCP Relay Agent Sub-Option Codes"
registry.
ANI Sub-options: The ANI sub-options consist of a sequence of Sub-
Option Code, Length, and Value tuples for each sub-option, encoded in
the following manner:
Subopt Len Sub-option Data
+------+------+------+------+------+------+--...-+------+
| code | N | s1 | s2 | s3 | s4 | | sN |
+------+------+------+------+------+------+--...-+------+
Subopt code
The 1-octet code for the sub-options defined in the following
sections.
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Len
An unsigned 8-bit integer giving the length of the Sub-option Data
field in this sub-option in octets.
Sub-option Data (s1 to sN)
The data area for the sub-option.
The initial assignment of the DHCP Access-Network-Identifier sub-
options is as follows:
+=================+=======================================+
| SUB-OPTION CODE | SUB-OPTION DESCRIPTION |
+=================+=======================================+
| 13 | Access-Technology-Type Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 14 | Access-Network-Name Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 15 | Access-Point-Name Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 16 | Access-Point-BSSID Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 17 | Operator-Identifier Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 18 | Operator-Realm Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.2" href="#section-4.2">4.2</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Technology-Type Sub-option</span>
This sub-option is used for exchanging the type of the access
technology of the network to which the client is attached. Its
format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subopt Code | Length | Reserved | ATT |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Subopt Code
13
Length
2
Reserved
An 8-bit field that is unused for now. The value MUST be
initialized to 0 by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
receiver.
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Access-Technology-Type (ATT)
An 8-bit field that specifies the access technology through which
the client is connected to the access link from the IANA name
space "Access Technology Type Option type values" registry defined
in [<a href="./rfc5213" title=""Proxy Mobile IPv6"">RFC5213</a>].
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.3" href="#section-4.3">4.3</a>. DHCPv4 Network-Identifier Sub-options</span>
These sub-options are used for carrying the name of the access
network (e.g., an SSID in the case of an IEEE 802.11 access network
or a Public Land-based Mobile Network (PLMN) Identifier [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] in
the case of a 3GPP access network) and the Access-Point Name to which
the client is attached. The format of these sub-options is defined
in the following sections. The Network-Identifier sub-options are
only for the currently known access-technology types.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.3.1" href="#section-4.3.1">4.3.1</a>. DHCPv4 Network-Name Sub-option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subopt Code | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
. .
. Network-Name (e.g., SSID or PLMNID) .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Subopt Code
14
Length
The length of the Network-Name field.
Network-Name
The name of the access network to which the mobile node is
attached. The encoding MUST be UTF-8 as described in [<a href="./rfc3629" title=""UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646"">RFC3629</a>].
The type of the Network-Name is dependent on the access technology
to which the mobile node is attached. For networks based on IEEE
802.11, the Network-Name will be the SSID of the network. For
3GPP access-based networks, it is the PLMN Identifier of the
access network, and for 3GPP2 access, the Network-Name is the ANI
[<a href="#ref-ANI" title=""Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session Control in the Access Network"">ANI</a>].
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When encoding the PLMN Identifier, both the Mobile Network Code
(MNC) [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] and Mobile Country Code (MCC) [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] MUST be
three digits. If the MNC in use only has two digits, then it MUST
be preceded with a '0'.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.3.2" href="#section-4.3.2">4.3.2</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Point-Name Sub-option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subopt Code | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
. .
. Access-Point-Name .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Subopt Code
15
Length
The length of the Access-Point-Name field.
Access-Point-Name
The name of the access point (physical device name) to which the
mobile node is attached. This is the identifier that uniquely
identifies the access point. While the Network-Name (e.g., SSID)
identifies the operator's access network, the Access-Point-Name
identifies a specific network device in the network to which the
mobile node is attached. In some deployments, the Access-Point-
Name can be set to the string representation of the Media Access
Control (MAC) address of the device as specified in [<a href="./rfc6991" title=""Common YANG Data Types"">RFC6991</a>] (see
mac-address typedef) or some unique identifier that can be used by
the policy systems in the operator network to unambiguously
identify the device. The encoding MUST be UTF-8 as described in
[<a href="./rfc3629" title=""UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO 10646"">RFC3629</a>].
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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.3.3" href="#section-4.3.3">4.3.3</a>. DHCPv4 Access-Point-BSSID Sub-option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subopt Code | Length | |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
| Access-Point-BSSID |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Subopt Code
16
Length
6
Access-Point-BSSID
The 48-bit Basic SSSID (BSSID) of the access point to which the
mobile node is attached.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.4" href="#section-4.4">4.4</a>. DHCPv4 Operator-Identifier Sub-options</span>
The Operator-Identifier sub-options can be used for carrying the
Operator-Identifiers of the access network to which the client is
attached. The format of these sub-options is defined below.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.4.1" href="#section-4.4.1">4.4.1</a>. DHCPv4 Operator-Identifier Sub-option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subopt Code | Length | .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. Operator-Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Subopt Code
17
Length
4
Operator-Identifier
The Operator-Identifier is a variable-length Private Enterprise
Number (PEN) [<a href="#ref-SMI" title=""PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS, SMI Network Management Private Enterprise Codes"">SMI</a>] encoded in a network byte order. Please refer
to <a href="./rfc6757#section-3.1.3">Section 3.1.3 of [RFC6757]</a> for additional details.
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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-4.4.2" href="#section-4.4.2">4.4.2</a>. DHCPv4 Operator-Realm Sub-option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Subopt Code | Length | |
|-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ |
. .
. Operator-Realm .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Subopt Code
18
Length
The length of the Operator-Realm field.
Operator-Realm
Realm of the operator (e.g., EXAMPLE.COM). Please refer to
<a href="./rfc6757#section-3.1.3">Section 3.1.3 of [RFC6757]</a> for additional details.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-5" href="#section-5">5</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Network-Identifier Options</span>
The Access-Network-Identifier options defined here may be added by
the DHCPv6 relay agent in Relay-forward messages.
+=================+=======================================+
| OPTION CODE | OPTION DESCRIPTION |
+=================+=======================================+
| 105 | OPTION_ANI_ATT |
+=========================================================+
| 106 | OPTION_ANI_NETWORK_NAME |
+=========================================================+
| 107 | OPTION_ANI_AP_NAME |
+=========================================================+
| 108 | OPTION_ANI_AP_BSSID |
+=========================================================+
| 109 | OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_ID |
+=========================================================+
| 110 | OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_REALM |
+=========================================================+
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<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.1" href="#section-5.1">5.1</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Technology-Type Option</span>
This option is used for exchanging the type of access technology the
client uses to attach to the network. Its format is as follows:
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_ANI_ATT | Option-Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Reserved | ATT |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option-Code
OPTION_ANI_ATT (105)
Option-Len
2
Reserved
An 8-bit field that is unused for now. The value MUST be
initialized to 0 by the sender and MUST be ignored by the
receiver.
Access-Technology-Type (ATT):
The contents of this field are the same as the ATT field described
in <a href="#section-4.2">Section 4.2</a>.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2" href="#section-5.2">5.2</a>. DHCPv6 Network-Identifier Options</span>
These options can be used for carrying the name of the access network
(e.g., an SSID in the case of an IEEE 802.11 access network or a PLMN
Identifier [<a href="#ref-TS23003" title=""Numbering, addressing and identification"">TS23003</a>] in the case of a 3GPP access network) and an
Access-Point Name to which the client is attached. The format of
these options is defined below.
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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.1" href="#section-5.2.1">5.2.1</a>. DHCPv6 Network-Name Option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_ANI_NETWORK_NAME | Option-Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. .
. Network-Name (e.g., SSID or PLMNID) .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option-Code
OPTION_ANI_NETWORK_NAME (106)
Option-Len
The length of the Network-Name field.
Network-Name
The contents of this field are the same as the Network-Name field
described in <a href="#section-4.3.1">Section 4.3.1</a>.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.2" href="#section-5.2.2">5.2.2</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Point-Name Option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_ANI_AP_NAME | Option-Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. .
. Access-Point-Name .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option-Code
OPTION_ANI_AP_NAME (107)
Option-Len
The length of the Access-Point-Name field.
Access-Point-Name
The contents of this field are the same as the Access-Point-Name
field described in <a href="#section-4.3.2">Section 4.3.2</a>.
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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.2.3" href="#section-5.2.3">5.2.3</a>. DHCPv6 Access-Point-BSSID Option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_ANI_AP_BSSID | Option-Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Access-Point-BSSID |
+ +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option-Code
OPTION_ANI_AP_BSSID (108)
Option-Len
6
Access-Point-BSSID
The contents of this field are the same as the Access-Point-BSSID
field described in <a href="#section-4.3.3">Section 4.3.3</a>.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3" href="#section-5.3">5.3</a>. DHCPv6 Operator-Identifier Options</span>
The Operator-Identifier options can be used for carrying the
Operator-Identifier of the access network to which the client is
attached. The format of these options is defined below.
<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3.1" href="#section-5.3.1">5.3.1</a>. DHCPv6 Operator-Identifier Option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_ID | Option-Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| Operator-Identifier |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option-Code
OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_ID (109)
Option-Len
4
Operator-Identifier
The contents of this field are the same as the DHCPv4 Operator-
Identifier Sub-option field described in <a href="#section-4.4.1">Section 4.4.1</a>.
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<span class="h4"><a class="selflink" id="section-5.3.2" href="#section-5.3.2">5.3.2</a>. DHCPv6 Operator-Realm Option</span>
0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
| OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_REALM | Option-Len |
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
. .
. Operator-Realm .
. .
+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
Option-Code
OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_REALM (110)
Option-Len
The length of the Operator-Realm field.
Operator-Realm
The contents of this field are the same as the Operator-Realm
field described in <a href="#section-4.4.2">Section 4.4.2</a>.
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-6" href="#section-6">6</a>. Relay Agent Behavior</span>
DHCPv4 relay agents MAY include sub-options as defined in <a href="#section-4.2">Section 4.2</a>
through 4.4 of [<a href="./rfc3046" title=""DHCP Relay Agent Information Option"">RFC3046</a>] in the Relay Agent Information option for
providing information about the access network over which DHCP
messages from the client are received.
The DHCPv4 relay agent MUST include the DHCPv4 Access-Technology-Type
Sub-option (<a href="#section-4.2">Section 4.2</a>) when including any of these sub-options in
the DHCP message: DHCPv4 Network-Name Sub-option (<a href="#section-4.3.1">Section 4.3.1</a>),
DHCPv4 Access-Point-Name Sub-option (<a href="#section-4.3.2">Section 4.3.2</a>), and DHCPv4
Access-Point-BSSID Sub-option (<a href="#section-4.3.3">Section 4.3.3</a>).
DHCPv6 Relay Agents MAY include options (defined in <a href="#section-5">Section 5</a>) in the
Relay-forward message when forwarding any DHCPv6 message type from
clients to the servers to provide information about the access
network over which DHCPv6 messages from the client are received.
The DHCPv6 relay agent MUST include the DHCPv6 Access-Technology-Type
Option (<a href="#section-5.1">Section 5.1</a>) when including any of these options in the DHCP
message: DHCPv6 Network-Name Option (<a href="#section-5.2.1">Section 5.2.1</a>), DHCPv6 Access-
Point-Name Option (<a href="#section-5.2.2">Section 5.2.2</a>), and DHCPv6 Access-Point-BSSID
Option (<a href="#section-5.2.3">Section 5.2.3</a>).
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-7" href="#section-7">7</a>. Server Behavior</span>
The DHCPv4 base specification [<a href="./rfc2131" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol"">RFC2131</a>] requires that the DHCPv4
server ignore the DHCPv4 Access-Network-Identifier Option if it does
not understand the option.
If the DHCPv4 server does not understand the received sub-option
defined in Sections <a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a> through <a href="#section-4.4">4.4</a> of [<a href="./rfc3046" title=""DHCP Relay Agent Information Option"">RFC3046</a>], the DHCPv4 Relay-
Agent-Information Option, it MUST ignore those sub-options only. If
the DHCPv4 server is able to process the DHCPv4 Access-Network-
Identifier sub-options defined in Sections <a href="#section-4.1">4.1</a> through <a href="#section-4.4">4.4</a> of
[<a href="./rfc3046" title=""DHCP Relay Agent Information Option"">RFC3046</a>], the DHCPv4 Relay-Agent-Information Option, it MAY use this
information obtained from the sub-option for address pool selection
or for policy decisions as per its configured policy. This
information obtained from the sub-option SHOULD NOT be stored unless
it is absolutely needed. However, if it is stored, the information
MUST be deleted as quickly as possible to eliminate any possibility
of the information getting exposed to an intruder.
The DHCPv4 server MUST ignore the received DHCPv4 Access-Network-
Identifier Option and process the rest of the message as per the base
DHCPv4 specifications if the received DHCPv4 message does not include
the DHCPv4 Access-Technology-Type Sub-option (<a href="#section-4.2">Section 4.2</a>) but does
include any one of these other options: DHCPv4 Network Name Sub-
option (<a href="#section-4.3.1">Section 4.3.1</a>), DHCPv4 Access-Point-Name Sub-option
(<a href="#section-4.3.2">Section 4.3.2</a>), or DHCPv4 Access-Point-BSSID Sub-option
(<a href="#section-4.3.3">Section 4.3.3</a>).
DHCPv6 base specification [<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>] requires that the DHCPv6 server
ignore the DHCPv6 Access-Network-Identifier Option if it does not
understand the option.
If the DHCPv6 server receives the options defined in <a href="#section-5">Section 5</a> and is
configured to use the options defined in <a href="#section-5">Section 5</a>, it SHOULD look
for the DHCPv6 Access-Network-Identifier options in the Relay-forward
message of the DHCPv6 relay agent(s) based on its configured policy.
The server MAY use received ANI options for its address pool
selection policy decisions as per its configured policy. This
information obtained from the options SHOULD NOT be stored unless it
is absolutely needed. However, if it is stored, the information MUST
be deleted as quickly as possible to eliminate any possibility of the
information getting exposed to an intruder.
The DHCPv6 server MUST ignore the received DHCPv6 Access-Network-
Identifier Option and process the rest of the message as per the base
DHCPv6 specifications if the received DHCPv6 message does not include
the DHCPv6 Access-Technology-Type Option (<a href="#section-5.1">Section 5.1</a>) but it does
includes any one of these other options: DHCPv6 Network-Name Option
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(<a href="#section-5.2.1">Section 5.2.1</a>), DHCPv6 Access-Point-Name Option (<a href="#section-5.2.2">Section 5.2.2</a>), or
DHCPv6 Access-Point-BSSID Option (<a href="#section-5.2.3">Section 5.2.3</a>).
<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-8" href="#section-8">8</a>. IANA Considerations</span>
IANA has assigned sub-option codes for the following DHCPv4 sub-
options from the "DHCP Relay Agent Sub-Option Codes" registry,
<<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters">http://www.iana.org/assignments/bootp-dhcp-parameters</a>>:
+=================+=======================================+
| SUB-OPTION CODE | SUB-OPTION DESCRIPTION |
+=================+=======================================+
| 13 | Access-Technology-Type Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 14 | Access-Network-Name Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 15 | Access-Point-Name Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 16 | Access-Point-BSSID Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 17 | Operator-Identifier Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
| 18 | Operator-Realm Sub-option |
+=========================================================+
IANA has assigned option codes for the following DHCPv6 options from
the "Option Codes" registry for DHCPv6,
<<a href="http://www.iana.org/assignments/dhcpv6-parameters">http://www.iana.org/assignments/dhcpv6-parameters</a>>, as specified in
[<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>]:
+=================+=======================================+
| OPTION CODE | OPTION DESCRIPTION |
+=================+=======================================+
| 105 | OPTION_ANI_ATT |
+=========================================================+
| 106 | OPTION_ANI_NETWORK_NAME |
+=========================================================+
| 107 | OPTION_ANI_AP_NAME |
+=========================================================+
| 108 | OPTION_ANI_AP_BSSID |
+=========================================================+
| 109 | OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_ID |
+=========================================================+
| 110 | OPTION_ANI_OPERATOR_REALM |
+=========================================================+
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-9" href="#section-9">9</a>. Security Considerations</span>
Since there is no privacy protection for DHCP messages, an
eavesdropper who can monitor the link between the DHCP server and
relay agent can discover access-network information.
[<a id="ref-RFC3118">RFC3118</a>] and [<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>] describe many of the threats in using DHCP.
[<a href="./rfc3118" title=""Authentication for DHCP Messages"">RFC3118</a>] and [<a href="./rfc3315" title=""Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6 (DHCPv6)"">RFC3315</a>] each provide a solution; the Authentication
Option for DHCPv4 and DHCPv6 (respectively). However, neither of
these options are in active use and therefore are not a viable
mitigation option. DHCP itself is inherently insecure and thus link-
layer confidentiality and integrity protection SHOULD be employed to
reduce the risk of disclosure and tampering.
It is possible for a rogue DHCP relay agent to insert or overwrite
with incorrect Access-Network-Identifier options for malicious
purposes. A DHCP client can also pose as a rogue DHCP relay agent by
sending incorrect Access-Network-Identifier options. While the
introduction of fraudulent DHCP relay agent information options can
be prevented by a perimeter defense that blocks these options unless
the DHCP relay agent is trusted, a deeper defense using the
authentication sub-option for the DHCPv4 Relay-Agent-Information
Option [<a href="./rfc4030" title=""The Authentication Suboption for the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent Option"">RFC4030</a>] SHOULD be deployed as well. Administrators SHOULD
configure DHCP servers that use this option to communicate with their
relay agents using IPsec, as described in <a href="./rfc3315#section-21.1">Section 21.1 of [RFC3315]</a>.
The information elements that this document is exposing are the
client's access-network information. These pertain to the access
network to which the client is attached, such as Access-Technology
Type (e.g., WLAN, Ethernet, etc.), Access-Point Identity (Name,
BSSID), and Operator-Identifier and Operator-Realm. In deployments
where this information cannot be secured using IPsec [<a href="./rfc4301" title=""Security Architecture for the Internet Protocol"">RFC4301</a>] or
other security protocols, administrators SHOULD disable the
capability specified in this document on the DHCP entities.
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<span class="h2"><a class="selflink" id="section-10" href="#section-10">10</a>. References</span>
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-10.1" href="#section-10.1">10.1</a>. Normative References</span>
[<a id="ref-RFC2119">RFC2119</a>] Bradner, S., "Key words for use in RFCs to Indicate
Requirement Levels", <a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/bcp/bcp14">BCP 14</a>, <a href="./rfc2119">RFC 2119</a>,
DOI 10.17487/RFC2119, March 1997,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2119</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC2131">RFC2131</a>] Droms, R., "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol",
<a href="./rfc2131">RFC 2131</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC2131, March 1997,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2131">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc2131</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC3046">RFC3046</a>] Patrick, M., "DHCP Relay Agent Information Option",
<a href="./rfc3046">RFC 3046</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC3046, January 2001,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3046">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3046</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC3315">RFC3315</a>] Droms, R., Ed., Bound, J., Volz, B., Lemon, T., Perkins,
C., and M. Carney, "Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
for IPv6 (DHCPv6)", <a href="./rfc3315">RFC 3315</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC3315, July
2003, <<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3315">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3315</a>>.
<span class="h3"><a class="selflink" id="section-10.2" href="#section-10.2">10.2</a>. Informative References</span>
[<a id="ref-ANI">ANI</a>] "Interoperability Specification (IOS) for High Rate Packet
Data (HRPD) Radio Access Network Interfaces with Session
Control in the Access Network", 3GPP2 A.S0008-C v4.0,
April 2011.
[<a id="ref-RFC3118">RFC3118</a>] Droms, R., Ed. and W. Arbaugh, Ed., "Authentication for
DHCP Messages", <a href="./rfc3118">RFC 3118</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC3118, June 2001,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3118">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3118</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC3629">RFC3629</a>] Yergeau, F., "UTF-8, a transformation format of ISO
10646", STD 63, <a href="./rfc3629">RFC 3629</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC3629, November
2003, <<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc3629</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC4030">RFC4030</a>] Stapp, M. and T. Lemon, "The Authentication Suboption for
the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Relay Agent
Option", <a href="./rfc4030">RFC 4030</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC4030, March 2005,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4030">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4030</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC4301">RFC4301</a>] Kent, S. and K. Seo, "Security Architecture for the
Internet Protocol", <a href="./rfc4301">RFC 4301</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC4301,
December 2005, <<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4301">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc4301</a>>.
<span class="grey">Bhandari, et al. Standards Track [Page 18]</span><span id="page-19" ></span>
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[<a id="ref-RFC5213">RFC5213</a>] Gundavelli, S., Ed., Leung, K., Devarapalli, V.,
Chowdhury, K., and B. Patil, "Proxy Mobile IPv6",
<a href="./rfc5213">RFC 5213</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC5213, August 2008,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5213">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5213</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC5844">RFC5844</a>] Wakikawa, R. and S. Gundavelli, "IPv4 Support for Proxy
Mobile IPv6", <a href="./rfc5844">RFC 5844</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC5844, May 2010,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5844">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc5844</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC6757">RFC6757</a>] Gundavelli, S., Ed., Korhonen, J., Ed., Grayson, M.,
Leung, K., and R. Pazhyannur, "Access Network Identifier
(ANI) Option for Proxy Mobile IPv6", <a href="./rfc6757">RFC 6757</a>,
DOI 10.17487/RFC6757, October 2012,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6757">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6757</a>>.
[<a id="ref-RFC6991">RFC6991</a>] Schoenwaelder, J., Ed., "Common YANG Data Types",
<a href="./rfc6991">RFC 6991</a>, DOI 10.17487/RFC6991, July 2013,
<<a href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991">http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6991</a>>.
[<a id="ref-SMI">SMI</a>] IANA, "PRIVATE ENTERPRISE NUMBERS, SMI Network Management
Private Enterprise Codes", March 2016,
<<a href="https://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers">https://www.iana.org/assignments/enterprise-numbers</a>>.
[<a id="ref-TS23003">TS23003</a>] 3GPP, "Numbering, addressing and identification", 3GPP
TS 23.003 13.4.0, December 2015.
[<a id="ref-TS23203">TS23203</a>] 3GPP, "Policy and charging control architecture", 3GPP
TS 23.203 13.6.0, December 2015.
[<a id="ref-TS23402">TS23402</a>] 3GPP, "Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses",
3GPP TS 23.402 13.4.0, December 2015.
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Kim Kinnear, Ted Lemon, Gaurav
Halwasia, Hidetoshi Yokota, Sheng Jiang, and Francis Dupont for their
valuable input. Also, thank you to Tomek Mrugalski for a thorough
review of the document.
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Authors' Addresses
Shwetha Bhandari
Cisco Systems
Cessna Business Park, Sarjapura Marathalli Outer Ring Road
Bangalore, KARNATAKA 560 087
India
Phone: +91 80 4426 0474
Email: [email protected]
Sri Gundavelli
Cisco Systems
170 West Tasman Drive
San Jose, CA 95134
United States
Email: [email protected]
Mark Grayson
Cisco Systems
11 New Square Park
Bedfont Lakes, FELTHAM TW14 8HA
England
Email: [email protected]
Bernie Volz
Cisco Systems
1414 Massachusetts Ave
Boxborough, MA 01719
United States
Email: [email protected]
Jouni Korhonen
Broadcom Limited
3151 Zanker Rd
San Jose, CA 95134
United States
Email: [email protected]
Bhandari, et al. Standards Track [Page 20]
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